话题背景补充

　　教育心理类话题

　　本期是我们雅思阅读话题背景补充系列，今天来跟启德考培小编看一下雅思阅读中教育心理类话题吧!

　　段落选自剑5-test 1 – reading passage 2

　　As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would deliberately give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond. Many of the teacher-subjects balked at administering the higher levels of punishment, and turned to Milgram with questioning looks and/or complaints about continuing the experiment. In these situations, Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil's cries for mercy and carry on with the experiment. If the subject was still reluctant to proceed, Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end. His final argument was, 'You have no other choice. You must go on.' What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.

　　原文翻译

　　随着实验的展开，该学生会故意回答错老师的问题，从而接受各种电击惩罚，甚至是达到危险程度的300伏电压或者更高。许多作为实验对象的教师不愿实施高电压的电击惩罚，他们转向Milgram，对于继续实验表示疑惑或抱怨。在这些情况下，Milgram会冷静地告知那些作为实验对象的教师继续实验，不要理会学生请求怜悯的哭喊。如果实验对象仍不愿意继续，Milgram就会告诉他们为了达到实验目的将实验进行到底是很重要的。他最后说到：“你别无选择，必须进行实验”。Milgram想要知道的是，面对人性和道德对实验的规则和条件强烈的反感，有多少作为实验对象的教师会愿意执行最高程度的电击惩罚。

　　段落小结

　　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Milgram实验的目的、过程、结果与专家对于结果的解释。而本段则介绍了实验过程中作为实验对象的教师不愿继续实验的问题以及Milgram如何劝说他们完成实验。看着这些文字，大家会不会觉得Milgram是个变态呢?如果真的这么想，那小伙伴们可得好好读一下这篇文章为Milgram正名啊!

　　重点词汇

　　[1] unfold, /v/, 打开，展开，呈现(fold, /v/, 折叠，合拢，笼罩)

　　[2] deliberate, /adj/, 故意的，从容的，深思熟虑的

　　[3] thereby, /adv/, 从而，因此

　　[4] bring on, 导致，引起

　　[5] balk at, 犹豫，回避，畏缩

　　[6] administer, /v/, 管理，执行

　　[7] ignore, /v/, 忽视，不理睬

　　[8] be reluctant to, 不情愿，不愿意

　　[9] for the sake of, 为了…

　　[10] revulsion, /n/, 厌恶，反感，剧变

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