在雅思写作小作文备考中，考生可以根据不同的题型去积累一些常用表达。那么，雅思写作小作文备考要掌握哪些词汇？下面小编为大家做详细介绍。

　　基础词汇

　　图表：chart/ graph/ diagram

　　呈现：show/ illustrate/ present/ describes/ indicate/ give information on/ present information about/ demonstrate

　　数量：number/ amount/ quantity

　　数据：figure/ data/ statistics

　　百分比：percentage/ proportion/ rate

　　比率：ratio (of A to B)

　　占：account for/ represent/ make up/ comprise/ constitute

　　排名：rank

　　最多：the most/ greatest/ largest/ biggest/ maximum/ majority

　　最少：the least/ smallest/ minimum/ minority

　　大约：about/ around/ approximately/ nearly/ just under/ just over/ roughly/ almost

　　区间段：period/ time span/ decade/ score years

　　总和：amount to/ total/ add up to/ number

　　上升：rise/ increase/ go up/ grow/ jump/ surge/ shoot up/ rocket/ climb/ upsurge (n.) / soar/ leap

　　下降：drop/ decrease/ go down/ decline/ fall/ sink/ dip/ plunge/ plummet/ slump

　　波动：fluctuate/ be unstable

　　不变： remain constant / stay unchanged / remain stable/ reach a plateau/ level off/ stabilize

　　达到：reach

　　在：stand at

　　超越：outnumber/ exceed/ surpass/ overtake

　　剧烈：dramatically/ sharply/ significantly/ considerably / substantially / noticeably/ markedly

　　迅速：abruptly/ rapidly

　　轻微：slightly/ marginally/ fractionally

　　逐渐：moderately / gradually/ progressively/ steadily

　　顶点：reach a peak of/ peak at/ reach the highest level

　　低谷：reach bottom/ reach the lowest point/ hit a low of/ bottom out at

　　反弹：rebound/ rally/ bounce back

　　用法示范

　　Figures released indicate a 2% increase in unemployment in the south east.

　　Across the country this year's pass rate soared to 96 per cent - the 22nd annual rise in a row.

　　Female workers constitute the majority of the labor force.

　　Older people comprise a larger proportion of those living poverty.

　　Only a small minority of students is/ are interested in politics these days.

　　Car production in the USA amounted to around 250,000 vehicles in the first half of 2015.

　　The amount of coal used in Australia doubled throughout the whole period.

　　The number of cars produced in Japan totaled around 9 million last year.

　　Last year, cinema ticket sales in China added up to $6.6 billion.

　　The number of cars produced in Japan last year stood at around 9 million, outnumbering the USA (7 million).

　　Car production in Japan numbered around 9 million units last year.

　　London to Manchester fell from 5 days to one day in the same time span.

　　The population figures for India rose by 12% over the two decades.

　　The month of June has seen a big upsurge in visitors to the area.

　　Prices have shot up to $40 a barrel and are set to rise further.

　　The figure for CO2 emissions in The UK dipped slightly by the end of the 30 year period.

　　The data for unemployment dropped to 5% in 2015.

　　By graduation in May, 77 percent of the class had job offers; three months later the figure reached 87 percent.

　　It now stands at 5.07 million and is forecast to fall below five million by the end of the decade.

　　Today, the price has sunk below 750 euros per barrel.

　　Some experts are warning that prices could slump by up to 30%.

　　Quarterly revenues have stabilized within the range of $700 million.

　　Production costs have exceeded £60,000.

　　Ticket sales have already surpassed the 100,000 milestone.

　　Germany rapidly overtook Britainin industrial output.

　　Inflation is predicted to drop marginally.

　　The economic inflation of the country increased sharply by 20% in 2008.

　　The population of these two cities rose significantly in the last two decades and it is expected that it will remain stable during the next 5 years.

　　There was an abrupt fall in our sales figures following the bad publicity.

　　The country's economic growth is forecast to recover moderately to 3.0% this year.

　　Prices have risen steadily.

　　Unemployment has fallen again, although the change is less marked than last month.

　　Membership has risen but only fractionally compared with the increase in the number of new employees.

　　The growth is most noticeable during the first two years.

　　The number of viewers reached a peak of 3.8 million/ peaked at 3.8 million in May.

　　Carbon dioxide reached its highest level in recorded history last month, at 410 parts per million.

　　Asking and effective rental rates may decline another 10% before they reach bottom sometime in 2011.

　　Stocks hita year low of 36 cents earlier that day.

　　People's lives have improved, and unemployment is bottoming out at about 4%.

　　Worldwide semiconductor sales increased 1.4 percent this year, rebounding from a one-third decline last year.

　　After falling to an all-time low of 8p ashare, the price has rallied over the past month.

　　The savings rate has already started to bounce back and is sure to rise further.

　　注意事项

　　不合适的表达：ascend/ descend/ raise。前面两个都是坡度的升降，最后一个是提升，而不是数据的上升。

　　表示下降的时候，reduce 其实也不常见，如果一定要使用，请用被动的形式，并且句子本身要有裁减缩减的意思，比如：The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25.

　　常见介词搭配，有些不规律，比如：figure for/ data for.

　　描述数据变化的时候，不是每次都要 to，比如 reach 就直接加上数据即可。

　　很多描述变化的动词，本身就自带程度，比如 surge 激增，plunge 骤降，所以，可以不搭配副词修饰，或者搭配相应程度的副词表示强调和突出。但是，不能搭配反义程度的副词，比如 plunge slightly，会显得不伦不类。

　　很多表示变化的词汇，动词名词同形，比如 increase/ rise/ fall等，有些则需要变化 grow → growth，有些 soar 只有动词，有些 upsurge 只有名词。使用地时候需要辨析清楚。

　　所有的类别都无需掌握全部替换，毕竟考试实用主义来讲，每个类别知道 3 个左右足矣。即便出现了第 4 次的同样表达，我们适当重复，无伤大雅。

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