SAT考试常见形近词辨析
2019-12-21 15:22 | 编辑：川外外语培训中心　　来自：未知　
导读：词汇量在SAT考试中发挥着重要的作用。你的词汇量过关了么？本文为大家分享的是新SAT考试中常见的形近词的辨析。
1. averse vs. adverse
 
　　averse : not liking sth; opposed to sth 不喜欢某事物;反对某事物
 
　　E.g. He seems to be averse to hard work.
 
　　adverse: not favorable; contrary; hostile 敌对的，反对的，不利的
 
　　E.g. His health was adversely affected by the climate.
 
　　
 
【SAT超级干货】SAT考试常见形近词辨析图1
 
 
　　2. adversity vs. adversary
 
　　adversity: trouble; unfortunate event不幸，灾祸
 
　　E.g. Mary faces adversity with courage.
 
　　adversary: opponent; enemy 对手，敌人
 
　　E.g. He defeated his old adversary in the election.
 
　　第1、2组词是经常被混淆的四个单词，两两组合进行对比，会给掌握单词带来更高的精准度。
 
　　3. antipathy vs. apathy
 
　　antipathy: strong or deep dislike 反感;厌恶;憎恶
 
　　E.g. He showed a marked antipathy to foreigners.
 
　　apathy: lack of interest; indifference 缺乏兴趣;漠不关心
 
　　E.g. My parents do not feel apathy about the election.
 
　　这一组词大家可以用词根词缀发来区别，path-作为词根是“情感”的意思，anti-作为前缀是“相反，对抗”，而a-是“不、无、非”的意思，相关单词有sympathy, empathy等。
 
　　4. derive vs. deride
 
　　derive: originate from sth; get sth from sth源自，源于;得到获取
 
　　E.g. Thousands of English words derive from Latin.
 
　　deride: mock sb/sth 嘲笑，嘲弄
 
　　E.g. They derided his effort as childish.
 
　　derisive这个单词出现在阅读中经常被当做是derive的形容词性理解，其实是deride的形容词，意思为“嘲笑的，嘲弄的”，例如derisive laughter。
 
　　5.exhausted vs. exhaustive
 
　　exhausted: very tired 精疲力尽的
 
　　E.g. After a ten-mile hike, everybody is exhausted.
 
　　exhaustive: very thorough; complete 详尽的;彻底的
 
　　E.g. Police make an exhaustive research.
 
　　6. imprudent vs. impudent
 
　　imprudent: not wise or discreet不智的;不谨慎的;轻率的
 
　　E.g. It would be imprudent (of you) to resign from your present job before you are offered another.
 
　　impudent: very rude and disrespectful 粗鲁的;放肆的;无礼的;不尊重的
 
　　E.g. Tom is an impudent child who never listens to his parents.
 
　　在记这组词之前，最好先记住prudent这个单词，它本身就是“谨慎的，审慎的”意思，在其加上im-这个表否定含义的前缀，意思就很容易得出了。
 
　　7. callow vs. callous
 
　　callow: immature and inexperienced 既不成熟又无经验的;乳臭未乾的
 
　　callous: cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic 冷酷无情的;无同情心的
 
　　8. congenial vs. congenital
 
　　congenial: (of people) pleasing because of similarities in temperament, interests, etc ; agreeable(指人)(因性情、志趣等相近)彼此合得来的，意气相投的;适合自己性格的
 
　　E.g. I find this aspect of my job particularly congenial.
 
　　congenital: (of diseases, etc) present from or before birth (指疾病等)天生的，先天的
 
　　E.g. We should not deride people who have congenital defects.
 
　　9. intelligent vs. intelligible
 
　　intelligent: smart, educated 聪明的，智能的，智力的
 
　　intelligible: that can be (easily) understood 可(易)理解的
 
　　E.g. That’s totally a muddled explanation which was scarcely intelligible.
 
　　10. impassive vs. impassioned
 
　　impassive: showing no sign of feeling 无表情的，无动于衷的
 
　　E.g. The accused sat impassively as the judge sentenced him to ten years in prison.
 
　　impassioned: showing strong deep feeling 充满激情的;热烈的
 
　　E.g. He made an impassioned plea for mercy.
 
　　同第3组词相似的地方是这一组词里面含有pass-表“情感”含义的词根，im-表“不无、非”，所以impassive就是“无表情的，无动于衷的”意思。而后者中含有的“passion”其本身就是“激情，热情”的意思。
 
　　11. adapt vs. adept
 
　　adapt: make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth 使某事物适合於新的用途﹑情况等;修改某事物
 
　　E.g. These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
 
　　adept: expert or skilful in (doing) sth 对(做)某事物内行的，熟练的
 
　　E.g. She’s adept at growing roses.
 
　　这一组词中adapt也经常容易与adopt混淆，adopt意思为“采纳，收养”。
 
　　12. indigent vs. indigenous
 
　　indigent : poor 贫穷
 
　　indigenous: native 土生土长的，当地的
 
　　E.g. Kangaroos are indigenous to Australia.
 
　　13. presumptive vs. presumptuous
 
　　presumptive: based on reasonable belief; probable基于合理之推测的;可能的
 
　　E.g. It is absurd that he was sentenced to death based on presumptive evidence.
 
　　presumptuous: too bold or self-confident 胆大妄为的，专横的
 
　　E.g. Would it be presumptuous of me to ask you to contribute?
 
　　14. ingenious vs. ingenuous
 
　　ingenious: (of a person) clever at finding new or simple solutions for complex problems; original in design(指人)善于用新的或简单的方法解决复杂问题的;设计独特精巧的
 
　　E.g. So you fitted that wire through that little hole there: that's very in genious!
 
　　ingenuous: open, innocent 坦率的，不隐瞒的，天真的
 
　　E.g. That kid gives me an ingenuous smile.
 
　　这一组词，可以利用另外两个单词帮助记忆：genius和genuine。前者意思为“天才”后者意思为“真的，真诚的，非人造的”。ingenious从发音和词形上与genius相近，而ingenuous 和genuine 相近。
 
　　15. discreet vs. discrete
 
　　discreet: careful or showing good judgment in what one says or does; not too obvious 言谈举止谨慎的;言行审慎的;不显眼的
 
　　E.g. I should make a few discreet enquirers about the firm before you sign anything.
 
　　discrete: separate; distinct 分离的;截然分开的
 
　　E.g. Those are a series of discrete events.

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